lunes, 25 de enero de 2010

The irrigation sistem in the farmhouse


In this image are peasants cultivating and watering. It seems that there's a guy next decomercio.
The irrigation projects through the side channels of the crop, water wells and water mills.
The new crops are cotton and indigo.Also appears the rice, sugarcane, aubergines and artichokes.

jueves, 14 de enero de 2010

Unit 4 "Meanings"

Christianity: The main religion in Europe.
Christendom: The Christian territories.
Pilgrimage: A holy place
Crusades: These were military expeditions, organised by the Pope and the European kings, to take the Holy Land from the Muslims.
Tithe: Which was a tenth of their harvest.

Barrel vault: Roman element.

Apse: The long arm of the cross was made up of one or more naves finishing in an apse.

Buttress:

Ambulatory: So that pilgrims could walk around the main altar and view the relics there.

Transept: The shorter arm.

Lent:

Altarpieces: The lives of saints and martyrs were shown.

Miniatures: Were small paintings which illustrated bibles and manuscripts.

Mural Painting: Was common on walls, especially in the man apse near the altar.

Panel Painting: Was used on altars and small altarpieces.

Convents: House of the frias.

University: The king needed educted administrators to govern their kingdoms.

Gargoyles: Were sculpted on te outside of cathedrals.

Stained glass: Windows large.

Pointed arches: Were used

Rib vault: Was supported by the pillars inside, and the buttresses outside the cathedral.

Flying buttress:

Rose windows: Were high, and filled with light, to represent heaven.

Latin cross: Shape continued to be used.

Side aisles:

Capitel:

Pinnacle:



Unit 3 "Meanings"

Three years of rotation: This was allowing that only a third part of the land should remain in fallow every year.
Mouldboard plough: Ploughed the soil more efficiently
Hanseatic league: Mercheants association
Trade fairs: Merchants met a trade fairs.The biggest fairs were held in the Champagne region of France.
Bills of exchange: Made it unnecessary to carry money.
Ghettoes: Neighborhoods where Jews lived
Moorish: Neighborhoods where Moros lived
City Council: Each city had its own government, which was directed by a mmyor
Guilds: Artisants joined in the same proffesion
Master Craftsmen: Owner the workshops, the tools and the raw maw materials.
Journeymen: Were skilled carfstmen who received wages.
Apprentices: Were young men who wanted to learn a trade.
Roman Law: Which gave much more power to the kings than traditional law.
Parliaments: They were very different from the parliaments of today. The only people who were represnted wer the king, the nobles, the clergy and the city mayors.