Charles V

Where was born Charles V? Glent(Flanders)

Could Charles V make decisions alone? No

Whose approval did he need before increasing taxes, for example? By the Parliaments

Who were the children of Charles I? Philip II of Spain, Maria of Sapin, Joan of Spain, Margaret of Parma and John of Austria.

Who ruled each territory in the king’s name? A viceroy or governor

Why did the king need to ask for loans? to finance his empire

Why did Charles V have problems with France? Beacuse Francia was his main rival for supremacy in Europe.

The main battles against France: batalla de Pavía, batalla de Roma, batalla de Saboya, batalla en Alemania.

Why were the Ottoman Turks his rivals? Because were his oher great rivals

The main battles against the Ottoman Empire:

What was his most serious problem? The rebellion of the German Protestant princes.

How did he divide his possessions when he surrendered his power? He divided his possessions. to his brother Ferdinand and the rest of his possessions went to his son Philip
Where Charles V decided to retire: Yuste, Spain

Marco Polo:
Technical advances: Which improved navigation
Portulan Charts: Were a new maps.
Compass: Instrument that was indicating the north
astrolabe: Instrument that was serving to measure the latitude
Quadrant: Was a navigational instrument
Caravels: was faster and more spacious than its predecessors
Prince Henry the Navigator: A men what organised various expeditions.
Bartolomeu Dias: A men what opening the sea route to the Indian Ocean
Vasco de Gama: A men what reached India
Christopher Columbus: Was a Genoese sailor.
Ferdinand Magallan: The captain in the expedition of 1519
Juan Sebastian Elcano the second captain in the expedition of the 1519
Treaty of Tordesillas: Unexplored were divided between them in the teatry of Tordesillas

Auteur: Juan Bautista de Toledo
Work: El Escolar
Type of work: Architecture
Function or Subject: Royal house
Decoration or Characteristics: It is very big, has four towers.
It has many windows, a big door and a great front with windows.

Auteur:Donatello

Work:Statue of David

Type of work:sculpture

Function or Subject: Nude

Decoration or Characteristics: One sees a nake young man with a hull, a sword and a few protections in the blackheads and this one on a species of nest

Auteur:Raphael

Work:The Holy Family with a lamb

Type of work: Painting

Function or Subject: Religion

Decoration or Characteristics: There are three people. the parent and child, there is a lamb.Behind you see a landscape, a flock of birds and mountains.

Los viajes de Marco Polo

An authoritative version of Marco Polo's book does not exist, and the early manuscripts differ significantly. The published versions of his book either rely on single scripts, blend multiple versions together or add notes to clarify, for example in the English translation by Henry Hule. Another English translation by A.C. Moule and Paul Pelliot, published in 1938, is based on the Latin manuscript which was found in the library of th Cathedral of Toledo in 1932, and is 50% longer than other versions.Approximately 150 variants in various languages are known to exist, and without the availability of a printing press many errors were made during copying and translation, resulting in many discrepancies.

Vocabulary 6

UNIT 6
1 Reconquest: Time that lasted the conquered of the Iberian Peninsula, when the Christians defeated the Muslims.

2 Kingdom of Asturias: Kingdom created by the Christians in mountain ranges of Cantabria.

3 Kingdom of León:Was originated when the capital of the kingdom of Asturias was moved to Leon.
4 Aragonese counties: Was formed when the Carolingian Empire was divided.
5 Catalan counties: Was formed when the Carolingian Empire was divided.
6 Pelayo: Was chose by the Visigoths as their king, defeated the Muslims in the Battle of Covadonga.
7 Battle of Covadonga: Was produced in 722.The Muslim was defeated by the Christian
8 Alfonso III: He was one king who reigned in the last years of 9th century and early years of the 10th century, when was the greatest expansion just that moment.

9 Fernán Gonzalez: he divided Castile in a county which was made independent.
10 Spanish March: Lands in the south of Pyrenees between the Muslims and the Carolingian Empire.
11 Carolingian Empire: Empire created by Charlemagne was dissolved in the 9th century. it had the Spanish march in the Pyrenean region.
12 Sancho III the Great: King of Navarre, he became the most powerful Christian king on the Peninsula in the 11th century.
13 Wilfred the Hairy: Was the person who united the Catalan counties, in the 9th century.
14 Beatus: Kind of book that is a famous example of the mozarabic art. It was a manuscript with beautiful paintings
15 Mozarabic art: Was the art witch emerged in the Christian kingdoms in the 10th century.
16 Mudejar art: It Was emerged in the 12th in Sahagún, Leon.
17 Asturian art: Art Developed near of Oviedo between the 8th and 10th centuries.
18 Repopulation: Was produced when the Christians kingdom advance went from the Duero valley until the Granada Kingdom
19 Fueros: Were the privileges given by the kings to the towns.
20 Military orders: Religious order, was a religious army created by the feudal estates to fight to the Muslim advance
21 Mudejars: Where Muslims who remained in Christian territory.
22 Alfonso VI: He conquered Toledo, the Tajo valley and a part of Andalusia.
23 Ferdinand III: Was the person who united Castile and Leon in 1230 and founded the crown of Castile.
24 Cortes: Their function was to approve or reject new taxes.
25 Honourable Council of the Mesta: was creates in 1273 to discuss the problem of the Merino sheep. It was a council of breed sheep and your problems
26 Alfonso I the Battler: Was the first king of Aragon.
27 James I the Conqueror: King of the Crown of Aragon. He took Valencia, Alicante, Murcia and the Balearic islands.
28 Generalitat: An institution which defended the rights of individuals in Catalonia, Aragon, Valencia, ensured that the fueros and decisions of their Cortes were respected